For a long time, Homo sapiens hid an even more terrifying secret. It is not enough to admit that we have a whole bunch of completely uncivilized relatives – once us also surrounded by quite a few brothers and sisters. We are used to looking at ourselves as the only humans because for the last 10,000 years our species has really been the only one in the world. But really the word man means “an animal belonging to the genus of man {Homo),” and in the past, without the intelligent man {Homo sapiens), lived many other species of this genus.
Humans evolved about 2.5 million years ago from East Africa a genus of great apes known as Australopithecus that lived that is, by “southern monkeys”. About 2 million years ago some of these ancient men and women left their homeland and eventually spread over the vast territories of Sub-Africa, Europe and Asia. Because survival in the snowy forests of Narrow Europe required different ones qualities than struggling for life in the thirsty jungles of Indonesia, human populations evolved in different directions. In this way, several different species emerged, and scientists assigned a solemn Latin name to each of them.

The human species that developed in Europe and Western Asia was christened Homo neanderthalensis (“man from the Neander Valley”), and is commonly referred to simply as Neanderthals. Larger and more muscular than us sapiens, they were well adapted to the harsh Ice Age climate in the western part of Eurasia. The eastern half of Asia was inhabited by the upright man, Homo erectus, who lived there for almost 2 million years and set the record for the longevity of any human species. Ours the species will hardly be able to beat him. It is doubtful whether Homo sapiens still exist and will walk the surface of the earth in a thousand years, so there are 2 million an impressive achievement indeed. Homo soloensis lived on the Indonesian island of Java, “man from the Solo Valley”, perfectly adapted to conditions in the tropics.

On another Indonesian island – the small island of Flores – the old people eventually became dwarfs. The first people reached the mentioned island when the sea was very heavily submerged and the island was easily accessible from the mainland. When the sea level rose again, some of the newcomers could no longer escape an island where food resources were very scarce. First, the large ones died out people of physique, because they needed a lot of food. For smaller ones it was much easier for them to stay together. As the generations change, Flores the people of the island became dwarves. The largest representatives of this unique species, which scientists call Homo floresiensis, only reached a meter and weighed no more than twenty-five kilograms. They did, however, know how to make stone tools, and sometimes they even managed to hunt down one of the other elephants living on the island, who, in truth, were also dwarfs.

In 2010 from the darkness of oblivion another one of us has been drawn brother While excavating the Denisova Cave in Siberia, scientists found a fossilized finger bone. Genetic tests confirmed that the finger is there until then representative of an unknown human species, which he named Homo denisova. Who knows how many more of our lost relatives are waiting to be found in others in caves, other islands, other lands.
At the time when the people we have mentioned were developing in Europe and Asia, Evolution did not stand still in East Africa either. New species continued to crawl from the cradle of humanity, such as Homo rudolfensis, “man from of Lake Rudolph,” Homo ergaster, “the industrious man,” and finally ours our own species, which we quite rudely named Homo sapiens, “intelligent man”. Representatives of some of these species were large and tall, while others were short.
Some were fierce pursuers of prey, others were gentle foragers. Some lived only on an island, while others roamed entire continents. But they all belonged to the human (Homo) tribe. They were all human.
According to a widespread misconception, these species are tested line up in a linear line of descent: ergaster is said to have given birth to erectus, erectus gave rise to the Neanderthal, from which we eventually evolved. Such the linear model leads us to unreasonably assume that at any point in history only one kind of people lived on the earth during that time, and all the previous ones species were only their models. The truth is that for 2 million years alone
and at the same time the world harbored several human species, and only 10,000 ago we stayed here alone for years. And why should it seem strange? Today there are many species of foxes, bears and wild boars. Just like before At least six human species have walked the earth for 100 millennia. Surprisingly it’s not that there were several human species in the past, it’s more strange that now we are the only ones. The latter fact also puts the blame on us the shadow As we will soon see, we sapiens have enough good reasons to hide the memory of brothers and sisters.

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